Establishing English-Indonesian Bilinguals In Indonesia: From Theory To Practice
November 12, 2015
Downloads
For the last two decades the establishment of bilingualism taking English language as one of the target languages has become the main concern of expanding English speaking countries including Indonesia on the grounds that the establishment of English-Indonesian bilinguals could generate qualified and competitive Indonesian citizens who are superior in terms of handling the global communication practices, holding a sufficient intercultural awareness, and having global perspectives serving as the properties of being successful for engaging in the social planes of the global context. Also, being English-Indonesian bilinguals is believed to strongly mind the link of symbols, concepts, and referents across languages which enable them to successfully deal with the meaning making of English texts in order to highly attain the nature of English language. Therefore, the establishment of being English-Indonesian bilinguals is of great importance for Indonesian people to cope with global communication distractions due to the insufficient English language proficiency which directly or indirectly retards the attainment of the development of the issues of information and technology, economy, culture, and the like. In reference to the establishment of English-Indonesian bilinguals, this paper attempts to explore a theoritical framework of the establishment of bilingualism in Indonesia followed by two types of modes (nature-oriented and nurture-oriented models) which have been conducted in Indonesia.
., M. (2015). Establishing English-Indonesian Bilinguals In Indonesia: From Theory To Practice. RA Journal of Applied Research, 1(10), 365–374. Retrieved from http://rajournals.in/index.php/rajar/article/view/320
Baca, L.M. (1990). Theory and practice in bilingual/cross
cultural special education: Major issues and
implications for research, practice, and policy.
Proceedings of the research symposium on
limited English proficient students' issues.
Washington, DC: Office of Bilingual Education
and Minority Language Affairs.
Baetens-Beardsmore, H. (1987). Bilingualism: Basic
principles. England: Mutilingual Matters.
Baker, C. (2006). Foundations of bilingual education and
bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Ben-Zeev, S. (1977). The influence of bilingualism on
cognitive strategy and cognitive development.
Child Development, 48, 1009- 18.
Bialystok, E et al. (2009) . Bilingual mind: Sociological
science in the Public Interest 10(3) 89–129
Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development:
Language, literacy and cognition. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Bialystok, E. (2007). Cognitive effects of bilingualism: How
linguistic experienceleads to cognitive change.
International Journal of Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism, 10, 210–223.
Bloomfield, L. (1935). Language (Revised edition). London:
Allen & Unwin.
Braun, M. (1937). Beobachtungen zur frage der
mehrsprachigkeit.
göttingische gelehrte anzeigen, 199, 115-130.
Cummins, J. (1993). Bilingualism and second language
learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,
13 , 51- 70.
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy:
Bilingual children in the crossfire .Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters.
Cummins, J. (2009). Bilingual and immersion programs. In
The Hand Book of Second Language Teaching, ed. M Long and CJ Doughty. Oxford: Wiley
Blackwell.
de Bot et al. (2005). Second language Acquisition: An
advance resource book. Rpuyledge: Taylor &
Francis Group.
Fromkin, V., Rodaman, R. & Hyams, N. (2007). An
introduction to language, 8th edition. Boston:
Thomson Wadworth.
Goh, C.M. and Silver, R.E. (2007). Language acquisition
and development: A teacher’s guide. Jurong:
Prentice Hall.
Grosjean, F. (2001). Life with two languages: An
introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
Grosjean, F. (1989). Neurolinguists, beware! The
bilingual is not two monolinguals in one
person. Brain and Language, 36, 3-15
Grosjean, F. (1998). Transfer and language mode.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1 (3),
175-176.
Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. A. H. (2000). Bilinguality and
bilingualism (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Haugen, E. (1968). Language planning in modern Norway.
In J. A. Fishman (Ed.). Readings in the Sociology
of Languages (pp. 673-687). Paris: Mouton de
Gruyter.
Hornby, P. A. (1977). Bilingualism: Psychological, social
and educational implications. New York:
Academic Press.
Karnokov, P.K. (1997). Bilingualism in children:
Classification, questions and problems. Bilinguals
and Bilingual Interpreter: Extended and revised
version of the paper presented on 17 March 1997
in Glasgow, Scotland, University of Glasgow.
Lidicoat, A. (1992). Biingualism: An introduction. In
Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. NLIA
Occasional Paper No. 2; see ED 355 759.
Macnamara, J. (1967): The bilingual's linguistic
performance: A psychological overview. Journal
of Social Issues, 23, 59-77.
Macnamara, J. (1969), How can one measure the extent of a
person's bilingual proficiency? In Description and
measurement of bilingualism, ed. L. Kelly.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Margana. (2015). Sociolinguistics for English language
teachers. Yogyakarta: Uny Press.
Margana. (2013). Theoretical justification of bilingual
education program in Indonesia. Proceeding on
FLLT conference. Thammasat University of
Thailand.
Margana. (2012). Promoting schematic knowledge to
English teachers of secondary school levels.
Proceedings on The 6th International Seminar
2012 Research in Teacher Education: what, How,
and Why?. Salatiga: Satya Wacana ChristianUniversity
Margana. (2011). Theoretical Considerations for
Establishing Multilingual Mind and the
Implications for teaching English to young
learners. Proceeding on The 1st National
Conference on ELT and Culture Revitalizing the
Practice of Teaching English for Young Learners
in Indonesia (TEYLIN) From Policy to
Classroom. Kudus: Universitas Muria Kudus.
Martin-Rhee, M. & Bialystok, E. (2008).The development
of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual
and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language
and Cognition, 11 (1), 81-9. doi:
10.1017/S136672890700322.
McLaughlin, B. (1984). Early bilingualism: Methodological
and theoretical issues. In M Paradis & Y. Lebrun
(Eds.), Early bilingualism andchild development
(pp. 19-45). Lisse. The Netherlands: Swets &
Zeitlinger.May, S., Hill, R., & Tiakiwai, S. (2004). Bilingual
immersion education: Indicators of good practice.
Final Report to the Ministry of Education, New
Zealand.
Mouw, T. and Xie, Y. (2011). Bilingualism and the
academic achievement of first and second
generation Asian Americans: Accomodation with
or wthout assimilation. American sosiological
review, Vol 64 no: 2.:
Oskaar, E. (1970). Bilingualism . In T.A. Sebeok, (Ed.),
Current Trends in Linguistics (pp.437-449). Den
Haag: Linguistics in Western Europe.
Oskaar, E. (1992). Intercultural communication in
multilingual settings. International Journal of
Applied Linguistics 2 (1): 3-16.
Paradis, M. (1997). Bilingualism and aphasia. ln H. A.
Whitaker & H. Whitaker (Eds.), Strrritts irt
Neurolitrgrtistics, 3 (pp. 65-121). New York:
Academic Press.
Paradis, M. (2010). Bilingual children’s acquisition of
English verb morphology: Effects of language
exposure, structure complexity, and task type.
Language Learning 60:3, pp. 651–680.
Peal, A. and Lambert, W.E. (1962). The relation
bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological
Monographs, 76: 546, 1-23.
Romaine, S. (1995). Bilingualism (Second edition). Oxford,
UK: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
Sampath, K.K. (2005). Effect of bilingualism on
intelligence. Proceedings of the 4th International
Symposium on Bilingualism. Somerville:
Cascadilla Press.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1981). Bilingualism or not: The
education of minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual
Matters Ltd.
Saunders, G. (1988). Bilingual children: Guidance for the
family. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Valdes, G., & Figueroa, R.A. (1994). Bilingualism and
testing: A special case of bias. Norwood, NJ:
Ablex.
Weinreich, U., (1968). Languages in contact:
Findings and problems. The Hague:
Mouton
cultural special education: Major issues and
implications for research, practice, and policy.
Proceedings of the research symposium on
limited English proficient students' issues.
Washington, DC: Office of Bilingual Education
and Minority Language Affairs.
Baetens-Beardsmore, H. (1987). Bilingualism: Basic
principles. England: Mutilingual Matters.
Baker, C. (2006). Foundations of bilingual education and
bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Ben-Zeev, S. (1977). The influence of bilingualism on
cognitive strategy and cognitive development.
Child Development, 48, 1009- 18.
Bialystok, E et al. (2009) . Bilingual mind: Sociological
science in the Public Interest 10(3) 89–129
Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development:
Language, literacy and cognition. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Bialystok, E. (2007). Cognitive effects of bilingualism: How
linguistic experienceleads to cognitive change.
International Journal of Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism, 10, 210–223.
Bloomfield, L. (1935). Language (Revised edition). London:
Allen & Unwin.
Braun, M. (1937). Beobachtungen zur frage der
mehrsprachigkeit.
göttingische gelehrte anzeigen, 199, 115-130.
Cummins, J. (1993). Bilingualism and second language
learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,
13 , 51- 70.
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy:
Bilingual children in the crossfire .Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters.
Cummins, J. (2009). Bilingual and immersion programs. In
The Hand Book of Second Language Teaching, ed. M Long and CJ Doughty. Oxford: Wiley
Blackwell.
de Bot et al. (2005). Second language Acquisition: An
advance resource book. Rpuyledge: Taylor &
Francis Group.
Fromkin, V., Rodaman, R. & Hyams, N. (2007). An
introduction to language, 8th edition. Boston:
Thomson Wadworth.
Goh, C.M. and Silver, R.E. (2007). Language acquisition
and development: A teacher’s guide. Jurong:
Prentice Hall.
Grosjean, F. (2001). Life with two languages: An
introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
Grosjean, F. (1989). Neurolinguists, beware! The
bilingual is not two monolinguals in one
person. Brain and Language, 36, 3-15
Grosjean, F. (1998). Transfer and language mode.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1 (3),
175-176.
Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. A. H. (2000). Bilinguality and
bilingualism (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Haugen, E. (1968). Language planning in modern Norway.
In J. A. Fishman (Ed.). Readings in the Sociology
of Languages (pp. 673-687). Paris: Mouton de
Gruyter.
Hornby, P. A. (1977). Bilingualism: Psychological, social
and educational implications. New York:
Academic Press.
Karnokov, P.K. (1997). Bilingualism in children:
Classification, questions and problems. Bilinguals
and Bilingual Interpreter: Extended and revised
version of the paper presented on 17 March 1997
in Glasgow, Scotland, University of Glasgow.
Lidicoat, A. (1992). Biingualism: An introduction. In
Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. NLIA
Occasional Paper No. 2; see ED 355 759.
Macnamara, J. (1967): The bilingual's linguistic
performance: A psychological overview. Journal
of Social Issues, 23, 59-77.
Macnamara, J. (1969), How can one measure the extent of a
person's bilingual proficiency? In Description and
measurement of bilingualism, ed. L. Kelly.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Margana. (2015). Sociolinguistics for English language
teachers. Yogyakarta: Uny Press.
Margana. (2013). Theoretical justification of bilingual
education program in Indonesia. Proceeding on
FLLT conference. Thammasat University of
Thailand.
Margana. (2012). Promoting schematic knowledge to
English teachers of secondary school levels.
Proceedings on The 6th International Seminar
2012 Research in Teacher Education: what, How,
and Why?. Salatiga: Satya Wacana ChristianUniversity
Margana. (2011). Theoretical Considerations for
Establishing Multilingual Mind and the
Implications for teaching English to young
learners. Proceeding on The 1st National
Conference on ELT and Culture Revitalizing the
Practice of Teaching English for Young Learners
in Indonesia (TEYLIN) From Policy to
Classroom. Kudus: Universitas Muria Kudus.
Martin-Rhee, M. & Bialystok, E. (2008).The development
of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual
and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language
and Cognition, 11 (1), 81-9. doi:
10.1017/S136672890700322.
McLaughlin, B. (1984). Early bilingualism: Methodological
and theoretical issues. In M Paradis & Y. Lebrun
(Eds.), Early bilingualism andchild development
(pp. 19-45). Lisse. The Netherlands: Swets &
Zeitlinger.May, S., Hill, R., & Tiakiwai, S. (2004). Bilingual
immersion education: Indicators of good practice.
Final Report to the Ministry of Education, New
Zealand.
Mouw, T. and Xie, Y. (2011). Bilingualism and the
academic achievement of first and second
generation Asian Americans: Accomodation with
or wthout assimilation. American sosiological
review, Vol 64 no: 2.:
Oskaar, E. (1970). Bilingualism . In T.A. Sebeok, (Ed.),
Current Trends in Linguistics (pp.437-449). Den
Haag: Linguistics in Western Europe.
Oskaar, E. (1992). Intercultural communication in
multilingual settings. International Journal of
Applied Linguistics 2 (1): 3-16.
Paradis, M. (1997). Bilingualism and aphasia. ln H. A.
Whitaker & H. Whitaker (Eds.), Strrritts irt
Neurolitrgrtistics, 3 (pp. 65-121). New York:
Academic Press.
Paradis, M. (2010). Bilingual children’s acquisition of
English verb morphology: Effects of language
exposure, structure complexity, and task type.
Language Learning 60:3, pp. 651–680.
Peal, A. and Lambert, W.E. (1962). The relation
bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological
Monographs, 76: 546, 1-23.
Romaine, S. (1995). Bilingualism (Second edition). Oxford,
UK: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
Sampath, K.K. (2005). Effect of bilingualism on
intelligence. Proceedings of the 4th International
Symposium on Bilingualism. Somerville:
Cascadilla Press.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1981). Bilingualism or not: The
education of minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual
Matters Ltd.
Saunders, G. (1988). Bilingual children: Guidance for the
family. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Valdes, G., & Figueroa, R.A. (1994). Bilingualism and
testing: A special case of bias. Norwood, NJ:
Ablex.
Weinreich, U., (1968). Languages in contact:
Findings and problems. The Hague:
Mouton
All Content should be original and unpublished.
