Employee Retention in Luxury Accommodation Business in Da Nang, Viet Nam
Downloads
Employee retention, a strategy towards sustainable development of each enterprise, affects greatly its productivity, quality and efficiency. This paper employs primary data collected from questionnaire, both in online and face-to-face forms, of 390 employees working in high-class accommodation system in Da Nang – Viet Nam. Using quantitative analysis techniques of scale testing, exploratory factor analysis, and multivariable regression analysis, we found that there are 9 major factors having positive effects on employee retention in luxury accommodation business system in Da Nang – Viet Nam. These factors, both material and non-material, include, from higher to lower levels: welfare, salary; manager’s support; corporate social responsibility; recognition and reward; working environment; promotion opportunities; training and development; working conditions.
Abba, M. T., 2018. Effects of Training and Development on Employee Retention in Bauchi State Metropolis Banks. International Journal of Operational Research in Management, Social Sciences & Education, 4(1), pp. 24-39.
Abdullah, M. & Almanie, 2022. The Effect Of Human Resource Management Practices On Employees’ Retention In King Saud University. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), pp. 1575-1586.
Adjeikwame , R., 2019. The Impact that Fringe Benefits have on Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement at Sinapi Aba Savings and Loans Limited (SASL). International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 6(7), pp. 558-575.
Alhmoud, A. & Rjoub, H., 2020. Does Generation Moderate the Effect of Total Rewards on Employee Retention? Evidence From Jordan. Original Research, p. 1–15.
Alias, N. E., Noor, N. M. & Hassan, R., 2014. Examining the Mediating Effect of Employee Engagement on the Relationship between Talent Management Practices and Employee Retention in the Information and Technology (IT) Organizations in Malaysia. Journal of Human Resources Management and Labor Studies, 2(2), pp. 227-242.
Ali, I. et al., 2010. Corporate social responsibility influences, employee commitment and organizational performance. African Journal of Business Management, 4(12), pp. 796-801.
Amen, U., Sumayya, U. & Butt, A., 2021. The Impact of Training & Development in Educational Institutions of Pakistan For Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention. Multicultural Education , 7(10), pp. 305-315.
Aminudin, N., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Retention of 'Green' Hotels. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 105, p. 763 – 771.
Anis, A. et al., 2011. Impact of organizational commitment on job satisfaction and employee retention in pharmaceutical industry.. African Journal of Business Management, 5(17), pp. 7316-7324.
Anwar, K., 2017. Analyzing the conceptual model of service quality and its relationship with guests’satisfaction: a study of hotels in erbil. The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, 25(2), pp. 1-16..
Arasanmi, C. N. & Krishna, A., 2019. Employer branding: perceived organisational support and employee retention – the mediating role of organisational commitment. Industrial and Commercial Training, 51(3), pp. 174-183.
Arasanmi, C. N. & Krishna, A., 2019. Employer branding: perceived organisational support and employee retention – the mediating role of organisational commitment. Industrial and Commercial Training, 15(3), pp. 174-183.
Ashraf, M. A., 2019. Influences of working condition and faculty retention on quality education in private universities in Bangladesh: An analysis using SEM. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(1), pp. 149-165.
Asiedu, E., 2015. The Supportive Organisational Culture and Its Impacts on Employee Job Satisfaction: A Case Study in a Selected Banking Company in Oxford, a City in The United Kingdom. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 2(3), pp. 290-300.
Beehr, T. A., 2014. Psychological stress in the workplace (psychology revivals).. New York, USA: Routledge.
Biason , R. S., 2020. The effect of job satisfaction on employee retention;. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, United Kingdom, Volume 3, pp. 405-413.
Bibi, P., Ahmad, A. & Majid, A. H., 2016. (2016). The moderating role of work environment on the relationship between compensation, job security, and employees’ retention.. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(4), p. 726–738..
Bigirimana, S., Sibanda, E. N. & Masengu, R., 2016. The Impact of Working Conditions on Academic Staff Turnoverat Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe. Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, 3(2), pp. 91- 98.
Boutmaghzoute, H. & Moustaghfir, K., 2021. Exploring the relationship between corporate social responsibility actions and employee retention: A human resource management perspective. Human Systems Management, Volume 40, p. 789–801.
Brown , E. A., Thomas, N. J. & Bosselman, R. H., 2015. Are they leaving or staying: A qualitative analysis of turnover issues for Generation Y hospitality employees with a hospitality education. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 46, pp. 130-137.
Brown, D. R. & Harvey, D., 2006. An experimental approach to organizational development. 7th ed. Delhi, India: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd..
Butt, A., Lodhi, R. N. & Shahzad, M. K., 2020. Staff retention: a factor of sustainable competitive advantage in the higher education sector of Pakistan. Studies in Higher Education, 45(12), pp. 1-21.
Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A. & Iskin, I., 2011. 2011. Factors affecting intention to quit among IT professionals in Turkey.. Personnel Review., 40(4), p. 514–533..
CBRE, 2022. Market Reports. [Online]
Available at: https://www.cbrevietnam.com/vi-vn/services/property-types/hotels
[Accessed 17 12 2022].
Chao, K. L., 2008. Relationship among organizational commitment, job characteristics, job satisfaction, and turnover intention within kindergartens: An empirical study in Malaysia. Journal of Educational Research, 44(1), p. 179–204.
Chiekezie, O. M., Emejulu, G. & Nwanneka, A., 2017. Compensation Management And Employee Retention Of Selected Commercial Banks In Anambra State, Nigeria. Archives of Business Research, 5(3), pp. 115-127.
Cho, S., Woods, R., Jang, S. & Erdem, M., 2006. Measuring the impact of human resource management practices on hospitality firms’ performances. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(2), pp. 262-77.
Chung, H. et al., 2021. A Threat of Customer Incivility and Job Stress to Hotel Employee Retention: Do Supervisor and Co-Worker Supports Reduce Turnover Rates. International Journal of Envirovemental Research and Public Health, Volume 18, pp. 1-18.
Cloutier, O., Felusiak, L., Hill, C. & Jones, E. J. P., 2015. The Importance of Developing Strategies for Employee Retention. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics , 12(2), pp. 119-129.
Collin, L. C., 2018. The influence of job satisfaction on employee turnover intention in the manufacturing industry of Malaysia. Journal of Arts & Social Sciences,, 1(2), pp. 53- 63.
Collins, J. C., 2021. Expanding the resource based view model of strategic human resource management. ,. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(2), pp. 331-358.
Cuong, N. & An, D., 2020. The Impact of Training and Development, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance on Young Employee Retention. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, Volume 13, pp. 373 - 386.
Durai, P., 2010. Human resource management. Noida, India: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd..
Edgar, F. & Geare, A., 2005. . (2005), “HRM practice and faculty attitudes: Different measuresdifferent results”,. Personnel Review,, 34(5), pp. 534-549.
Elnaga, A. & Imran, A., 2018. The effect of training on employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, Volume 7, pp. 6-13.
Emerson , R. M., 1976. Social Exchange Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 2, pp. 335-362.
European Communities, 2001. GREEN PAPER: promoting a European framework for corporate social responsibility. [Online] Available at:
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/DOC_01_9
[Accessed 12 9 2022].
Fadun, S. O., 2014. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and stakeholders expectations: The Nigerian perspectives. Research in Business and Management, 1(2), p. 13.
Fatima, H., 2011. Does Employee retention affect Organizational Competence;. Industrial Engineering Letters, 1(1), pp. 24-39.
Frye, W. D., Kang, S., Huh, C. & Lee, M. J. (., 2020. What factors influence Generation Y’s employee retention in the hospitality industry?: An internal marketing approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 85, pp. 1-9.
Frye, W. D., Kang, S., Huh, C. & Lee, M. J. (., 2020. What factors influence Generation Y’s employee retention in the hospitality industry?: An internal marketing approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management.
GanjiNia, H., Gilaninia, S. & Sharami, R. P. M., 2013. Overview of employee empowerment in organizations. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(2).
Ghosh, K. & Sahney, S., 2011. Impact of organizational sociotechnical system on managerial retention: a general linear modeling approach. Journal of Modelling in Management, 6(1), pp. 33-59.
Ghosh, P., Satyawadi, R., Prasad Joshi, J. & Shadman, M., 2011. Who stays with you? Factors predicting employees' intention to stay. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 21(3), pp. 288-312.
Gul, A., Akbar, S. & Jan, Z., 2012. Role of Capacity Development, Employee empowerment and Promotion on Employee Retention in the banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(9), pp. 284-300.
Hair, . J. F., Black , W. C., Babin , B. J. & Anderson, 2006. Multivariate data analysis. Vol. 6 ed. s.l.:Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River: ttps://is.muni.cz/el/1423/podzim2017/PSY028/um/_Hair_Multivariate_data_analysis_7th_revised.pdf.
Hayzlett, J., 2017. 4 ways employers are using corporate social responsibility to recruit millennials. Entrepreneur Asia Pacific.
Hebenstreit, P. R., 2008. A call to apply the principles of the enneagram in organizations to attract, retain and motivate employees. Enneagram Journal, 1, 4-21., Volume 1, pp. 4-21.
Hofhuis, J., Van der Zee, K. I. & Otten, S., 2014. Comparing antecedents of voluntary job turnover among majority and minority employees. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. An International Journal,, 33(8), pp. 33(8), 735-749..
Hong, E. N. C. et al., 2012. An effectiveness of human resource management practices on employee retention in institute of higher learning: A regression analysis.. International Journal of Business Research and Management, 3(2), pp. 60-69.
Hong, E. N. C. et al., 2012. An Effectiveness of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Retention in Institute of Higher learning: - A Regression Analysis. International Journal of Business Research and Management, 3(2), pp. 60-79.
Huang, et al., 2006. Constructing factors related to worker retention.. International Journal of Manpower., 27(5), pp. 491-508.
ILO, 2022. International Labor Organization. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/working-conditions/lang--en/index.htm#:~:text=Working%20conditions%20are%20at%20the%20core,demands%20that%20exist%https://www.bing.com/search?q=Working+conditions&cvid=283af038e44e4a6a9ebd107a5f4fe829&aqs=edge..69i57j69i5 [Accessed 13 1 2023].
IMF, 2023. International Monetary Fund. [Online]
Available at:
[Accessed 28 2 2023].
Iqbal, S., Guohao, L. & Akhtar, S., 2017. Effects of Job Organizational Culture, Benefits, Salary on Job Satisfaction Ultimately Affecting Employee Retention. Review of Public Administration R and Management, 5(3), pp. 1-7.
Islam, A. M. et al., 2021. Moderating role of psychological empowerment on the relationship between green HRM practices and millennial employee retention in the hotel industry of Bangladesh. Business Strategy & Development, pp. 1-13.
Islam, A. et al., 2021. Moderating role of psychological empowerment on the relationship between green HRM practices and millennial employee retention in the hotel industry of Bangladesh; 2021, 1-13. Business Strategy & Development., Volume ;, pp. 1-13.
Khan, M. M. & Jabbar, M., 2013. Determinants of employees performance in corporate sector: Case of an emerging market. Business and Management Research, 2(3), pp. 25-32.
Kim, N., 2012. Employee Turnover Intention Among Newcomers in Travel Industry. International Journal of Tourism Research,, 16(1), p. 56–64..
Kline & B., R., 2015. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Fourth Edition. Guilford Publications, Issue 1462523358, 9781462523351, p. 534.
Kossivi, . B., Xu, M. & Kalgora, B., 2016. Study on Determining Factors of Employee Retention. Open Journal of Social Sciences,, Volume 4, pp. 261-268.
Kundu, S. C. & Lata, K., 2017. Effects of supportive work environment on employee retention: Mediating role of organizational engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis,, 25(4), pp. 703-722.
Kurniawatya, Ramlyb, M. & Ramlawatib, 2019. The effect of work environment, stress, and job satisfaction on employee turnover intention. Management Science Letters, Volume 9, p. 877–886.
Kyndt, E., Dochy, F., Michielsen, M. & Moeyaert, B., 2009. Employee retention: organisational and personal perspectives. Vocations and Learning, Volume 2, pp. 195-215.
Latif, K. F., Pérez, A. & Sahibzada, U. F., 2020. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and customer loyalty in the hotel industry: A cross-country study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 89, pp. 1-13.
Lavrakas, P., 2008. Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. 1st ed ed. s.l.:SAGE.
Lee, C. & Way, K., 2010. Individual employment characteristics of hotel employees that play a role in employee satisfaction and work retention. International Journal of Hospitality Management,, 29(3), p. 344–353..
Lee, Y.-S. & Liu, W.-K., 2021. The Moderating Effects of Employee Benefits and Job Burnout among the Employee Loyalty, Corporate Culture and Employee Turnover. Universal Journal of Management , 9(2), pp. 62-69.
Lu, A. & Gursoy, D., 2016. Impact of Job Burnout on Satisfaction and Turnover Intention. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 40(2), pp. 210-235.
Lu, C. A. C. & Gursoy, D., 2013. Impact of Job Burnout on Satisfaction and Turnover Intention.. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research,, 40(2), p. 210–235..
Lyons, M., 1981. The Older Employee as a Resource: Issues for Personnel. Personnel Journal, 60(3), pp. 178-180.
Maertz, P. C. & Campion, A. M., 1998. 25 years of voluntary turnover research: A review and critique. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Volume 13, pp. 49-81.
Manh, N. D., 2003. No. 33-NQ/TW on “Building and developing Da Nang city in time of industrialization and modernization”, Ha Noi - Viet Nam: Communist Party Of Vietnam.
Mạnh, N. Đ., 2023. Nghị quyết số: 33-NQ/TW "Về xây dựng và phát triển Thành phố Đà Nẵng trong thời kỳ công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa đất nước, Hà Nội: Đảng Cộng Sản Việt Nam.
Markowitsch, J., 2018. Is there such a thing as school quality culture? In search of conceptual clarity and empirical evidence. Quality Assurance in Education,, 26(1), p. 25 – 43.
Maslow, H. A., 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), p. 370–396..
Mita, M., Aarti K., a. R. & D, 2014. Study on Employee Retention and Commitment. International Journal of. Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, Volume 2, pp. 154-164.
Mitchell, T. R. et al., 2001. Why people stay?: using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal,, 44(6), pp. 1102-1121.
Moosa, A., He, F. & Je, T., 2021. Impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance: Evidence from the Maldives stock exchange. Human Systems Management, Volume 40, p. 127–139.
Morgan, J. C., Dill, J. & Kalleberg, A., 2013. Morgan, J. C., Dill, J., & Kalleberg, A. (2013). The quality of healthcare jobs: Can intrinsic rewards compensate for low extrinsic rewards?. Work, Employment and Society, 27(5), pp. 27(5), 802–822.
Msengeti, D. M. & Obwogi, J., 2015. Effects of Pay and Work Environment on Employee Retention: A Study of Hotel Industry in Mombasa County. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(4), pp. 1-10.
Msengeti, D. M. & Obwogi, J., 2015. Effects of Pay and Work Environment on Employee Retention: A Study of Hotel Industry in Mombasa County. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(4), pp. 1-10.
Nasir, S. z. & Mahmood, N., 2018. (2018). A Study of Effect of Employee Retention on Organizational Competence.. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,, 8(4), p. 408–415.
Ndungu, D. N., 2017. The Effects of Rewards and Recognition on Employee Performance in Public Educational Institutions: A Case of Kenyatta University, Kenya.. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: An Administration and Management, 17(1), pp. 42-68.
Nguyen, C. & Duong, A., 2020. The Impact of Training and Development, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance on Young Employee Retention. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 13(3), pp. 373-386.
Noe, R. A., 1999. . (1999). Employee training and development.. New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill.
Noordin, S. H. S., Jamaludin, N. L., Jamil, N. A. & Mahpar, N. S., 2021. Factors Influencing Employee Retention; The Moderating Roles of Job Embeddedness in Ecommerce Logistic Industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(5), pp. 617- 638.
Ohunakin, F. et al., 2019. Employees’ retention in Nigeria’s hospitality industry: The role of transformational leadership style and job satisfaction. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, pp. 1-29.
Pergamit, M. R. & Veum, J. R., 199. What is a promotion?. Industrial and Labor Relations Review,, 52(4), pp. 581-601..
Pousa, C. & Mathieu, A., 2014. The influence of coaching on employee performance: Results from two international quantitative studies. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 27(3), pp. 75-92.
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. & Armeli, S., 2001. Affective commitment to the organization: the contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology,, 86(5), pp. 825-836.
Salleh, R., Niar, M. S. & Harum, H., 2012. (2012). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: A case study on employees of a retail company in Malaysia. International Journal of Social, Behavioural, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 6(12), pp. 6(12), 3429-3426..
Sari, T., 2022. Relationships Between Teachers’ Perceptions of Positive Psychological Capital and Organizational Happiness: Mediating Role of Organizational Silence. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 11(1), p. 312– 323..
Schlager, T., Bodderas, M., Maas, P. & Luc Cachelin, J., 2011. The influence of the employer brand on employee attitudes relevant for service branding: an empirical investigation. Journal of Services Marketing, 25(7), pp. 497-508.
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G. & Courtright, S. H., 2011. Antecedents and conse quences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta-analysis review. Journal of Applied Psychology,, 96(5), p. 981–1003..
Shahrawat, A. & Shahrawat, R., 2017. Application of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in a historical context: case studies of four prominent figures. Psychology, 8(7), pp. 939-954.
Shen, J. & Benson, J., 2016. When CSR is a social norm: how socially responsible human resource management affects employee work behavior.. Journal of Management, 42(6), pp. 1723-1746.
Shoaib , M., Noor, A., Tirmizi , S. R. & Bashir , S., 2009. Determinants of employee retention in telecom sector of Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan, Proceedings 2nd CBRC, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sidhu, G. K. & Nizam, I., 2020. Coaching and Employee Performance: The Mediating Effect of Rewards & Recognition in Malaysian Corporate Context. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 7(1), pp. 41-72.
Sija, A., 2021. The influence of job satisfaction and its effect on employee turnover intention in financial service industry of Malaysia. European Journal of Economic and Financial Research, 5(1), pp. 31-47.
Solow, R. M., 1956. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), pp. 65-94.
Swan, W. T., 1956. Economic Growth And Capital Accumulation.. Economic Record, 32(2), p. 334–361.
Tadesse, W. M., 2018. Factors affecting employee retention in Ethiopian public organizations. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 7(3), pp. 22-32.
TCVN-4319, 2015. TCVN 4391:2015: Hotel – Classification, HaNoi-VietNam: Directorate for standards, metrology and Quality.
Tongchaiprasit, P. & Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., 2016. Creativity and turnover intention among hotel chefs: The mediating effects of job satisfaction and job stress. International Journal of Hospitality Management., Volume 55, p. 33–40.
Tsaur, S. H. & Tang, Y. Y., 2012. Job stress and well-being of female employees in hospitality: The role of regulatory leisure coping styles. International Journal of Hospitality Management., Volume 31, p. 1038–1044.
UNIDO, 2002. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. [Online] Available at:
[Accessed 2 12 2022].
Vu, T. V., 2022. Socio-economic report for December, the fourth quarter and the whole year 2022, Da Nang, VietNam: General Statistics Office of Viet Nam - Da Nang Office, No: 756 /BC-CTK.
Yang, S., Brown, G. C. & Moon, B., 2011. Factors leading to correction officer’s job satisfaction. Public Personnel Management, 4(4), pp. 22-38.
Yeu, N. V., 1996. The National of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. [Online] Available at: https://quochoi.vn/tulieuquochoi/anpham/Pages/anpham.aspx?AnPhamItemID=2290
[Accessed 2 12 2022].
Yin, Y., Wang, Y. & Lu, Y., 2019. (2019). Why firms adopt empowerment practices and how such practices affect firm performance? A transaction cost - exchange perspective.. Human Resource Management Review,, 29(1), p. 111 –124.
Zainee, I. A. & Puteh, F., 2020. Corporate social responsibility impact on talent retention among Generation Y. Revista de Gestão, 27(4), pp. 369-392.
Zingheim, P. & Schuster, J., 2007. The next decade for pay and rewards. Compensation & Benefits Review, 37(1), pp. 26-32.
All Content should be original and unpublished.
