Effect of Promotion Practices on Employee Engagement in Fairtrade Horticultural Firms in Kenya
Downloads
The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of promotion practices on employee engagement in Fairtrade horticultural firms in Kenya. Theory that informed the study was Expectancy theory. This research adopted pragmatism research philosophy. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study targeted 17 fairtrade horticultural firms as unit of analysis and 5,600 employees as the unit of observation. The sample size was 373 respondents drawn from low level, middle level, and top-level management. The study relied mainly on primary data. The study adopted stratified and simple random sampling techniques. After the stratification of the respondents into strata, simple random sampling was adopted to pick up the respondents. The researcher used questionnaire as the research instrument. Descriptive and inferential analysis were computed using SPSS version 26. In order to analyze the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable the study used Multiple Regression analysis at 5% level of significance. The findings indicated that promotion practices have a positive and significant effect on employee engagement in Fairtrade horticultural firms in Kenya. The study concluded that promotion practices contribute significantly to the employee engagement in Fairtrade horticultural firms in Kenya. The study recommended that Horticultural firm management should create opportunities for promotion practices of employees, offer training ground for career movement within the organization. Nomination for employees to undergo various staff career growth and development programs such as training should be conducted in a fair and transparent manner by the management.
Abdul R., Sarpan, S., & Ramlan R. (2016). Influence of Promotion and Job Satisfaction on Employee Engagement. Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research. ISSN: 2521-3830.
Adeyemi, M. (2015). The Influence of Incentives and Rewards on Employee's Job Performance: The Nigerian Private and Public Sector Comparative Analysis. MSc. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London.
Akhtar, N., Aziz, S., Hussain, Z., Ali, S., & Salman, M. (2014). Factors Affecting Employees' Motivation in Banking Sector of Pakistan. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 4(10), 125-133
Andrlić, B., Priyashantha, K. G., & De Alwis, A. C. (2023). Employee engagement management in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 15(2), 987.
Ashraf, M. A., & Mohammad, S. A. (2015). The Role of the Incentives and Extrinsic Rewards in Enhancing Employee's Performance. A Case of Jordanian Travel and Tourism Institutions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(4).
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
Budriene, D., & Diskiene, D. (2020). Strategic leadership and organizational performance: A review of empirical evidence. Journal of Strategic Management, 8(3), 45-59.
Clack, T. (2020). Organizational transformation: Managing the shifts in leadership and structure. Leadership & Management Journal, 21(2), 75-89.
Dar, A. T., Bashir, M., Ghazanfar, F., & Abrar, M. (2014). Mediating Role of Employee Motivation in Relationship to Post-Selection HRM Practices and Employee Engagement. International Review of Management and Marketing, 4(3), 224-238
Dolan, A. (2016). It’s like taking a bit of masculinity away from you: Towards a theoretical understanding of men’s experiences of infertility. Sociology of Health & Illness, 39(6), 968–982.
Eisenberger, R., et al. (1986). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
Evenson, J. (2016). Economic development through education: How the global workforce is evolving. Journal of Economic Policy, 45(6), 567-580.
Gardiner, J. (2023). Adapting to leadership changes: A case study of business transformations in the 21st century. Journal of Leadership Studies, 14(1), 102-115.
Gathungu, J. M., Iravo, M. A., & Namusonge, G. S. (2015). Factors influencing the implementation of performance contracting in the Kenyan public sector. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(6), 205-214.
Giancola, F. (2017). Exploring consumer preferences: New approaches to market segmentation. International Journal of Marketing, 29(3), 112-130.
Gifford, D., & Young, R. (2021). The impact of digital transformation on small businesses: Case studies from Africa. International Journal of Small Business Management, 38(4), 23-41.
Govender, J., & Bussin, M. (2020). A systematic review of employee engagement interventions in the South African context. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 46(1), 1-9.
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., Killan, D., & Agrawal, S. (2016). The relationship between employee engagement and organizational outcomes: An integration of 10 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(5), 1-29.
Hasana, S., Mohamed, R., & Mohd, A. (2021). Impact of leadership styles on employee engagement and performance: A quantitative study. International Journal of Management Science, 9(3), 50-67.
Khan, S., Zarif, T. & Khan, B., (2018). Effects of Recognition-based Rewards on Employees' Efficiency and Effectiveness. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 7(2), 01-07.
Lamba, R., & Choudhary, R. (2021). Innovations in corporate governance: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(5), 89-99.
Lanari, N., Liniger, H., & Kiteme, B. P. (2016). Commercial horticulture in Kenya: Adapting to water scarcity.
Lockwood, N. (2016). Leveraging Employee Engagement for Competitive Advantage. Society for Human Resource Management Research Quarterly, 1, 1-12.
Maleka, K., Zuma, Z., & Maseko, T. (2019). Employee engagement and its effects on organizational productivity: A case study of South African businesses. South African Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(1), 1-10.
Mansoor, M., et al. (2023). The impact of strategic change on organizational success: A systematic review. Journal of Business Strategy, 44(3), 56-69.
Mansor, M. Z., Hassan, M., & Ahmad, R. (2023). The impact of work-life balance on employee engagement: A case study in Malaysian firms. Journal of Business & Economics, 14(4), 100-112.
Moletsane, M., Tefera, O., & Migiro, S. (2019). The Relationship between Employee Engagement and Organisational Productivity of Sugar Industry in South Africa: The Employees' Perspective. African Journal of Business & Economic Research, 14(1).
Mudachi, L. (2023). Exploring workplace culture in Kenya: Shifting dynamics of leadership and employee engagement. Kenya Journal of Business Studies, 34(2), 15-29.
Mutuku, E. (2018). The effect of employee engagement on organizational performance in Kenyan banks. Journal of Business Administration, 25(4), 58-72.
Mwangi, J. K., Gicuru, K. K. I., Augustus, S. M., Obedy, E. G., & Sibiko, K.W. (2017). Factors influencing diversification and intensification of horticultural production by smallholder tea farmers in Gatanga District, Kenya. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 5(4), 103- 111.
Ngobeni, M., et al. (2022). Evaluating employee satisfaction in the South African banking sector. Journal of Banking & Finance, 38(6), 102-118.
Ngobeni, T., Nkosi, S., & Mathebula, K. (2022). The role of employee engagement in performance management: A case study of public sector organizations. African Journal of Business Management, 16(2), 18-25..
Ningsih, M. A., Wijaya, Y. K., Muntahari, S., & Damayanti, N. (2023). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Satisfaction, Employee Performance, and Employee Engagement: The Insurance and Pension Fund Service. International Journal Of Applied Business Research, 88-100.
Ochieng, P. (2021). Workplace engagement strategies and their influence on employee performance in Kenya's hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, 10(2), 102-115.
Ong, S & Teh H (2014). Extrinsic Rewards and Performance Within Malaysian Manufacturing Companies. IDOSI Publications, Faculty of Economics and Management, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Oosthuizen, H., Botha, S., & Cloete, P. (2021). Strategic human resource management and its effect on employee engagement in South Africa. South African Journal of Business Studies, 42(3), 145-160.
Oosthuizen, T., et al. (2021). The role of corporate culture in enhancing business performance. Business & Economic Review, 30(2), 134-147.
Opondo, M. M. (2019). Trade Policy in the Cut Flower Industry in Kenya.
Phelan, S & Zhiang, L (2011). Promotion practices and Employee Engagement: A Contingency Model. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Netherlands.
Phelan, S & Zhiang, L (2011). Promotion practices and Employee engagement: A Contingency Model. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Netherlands.
Purcell, J, Kinnie, K, Hutchinson, S, Rayton, B & Swart, J. (2018). People and Performance: How people management impacts on employee engagement, CIPD, London.
Saharuddin, M., & Sulaiman, N. (2016). Investigating employee satisfaction in Malaysia’s public sector. Public Administration Review, 28(5), 453-467.
Saks, A. M. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
Sari, S. M., & Ranihusna, D. (2019). Build the positive work environment with work engagement. Management Analysis Journal, 8(3), 340-349.
Sartono, S., & Ardhani, F. D. (2015). The impact of strategic management on the performance of SMEs in Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 11(17), 15-25.
Satata, A. (2021). Employee engagement as an effort to improve work performance: Literature review. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 2(1), 44-46.
Setiawan, A. H., & Negoro, D. A. (2023). Relationship Between Promotion Practices, Employee Engagement and Employee Performance. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 4679-4688.
Setton, R. K., et al. (2016). Trust, communication, and leadership in organizational success. Journal of Business Communication, 53(2), 105-121
Shore, L. M., & Wayne, S. J. (2015). The role of perceived organizational support in the development of leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6), 1465-1477.
Sileyew, K. J. (2019). Research design and methodology. Cyberspace, 1-12.
Ssekakubo, B., Lwanga, M., & Ndiwalana, C. (2014). Impact of Motivation on Employee Engagement in the Public Security Sector in Nairobi County, Kenya. Academic Research International, 7(2).
Ssekakubo, B., Lwanga, M., & Ndiwalana, C. (2014). Impact of Motivation on Employee Engagement in the Public Security Sector in Nairobi County, Kenya. Academic Research International, 7(2).
Stevenson, H. (2019). Managing cultural change in multinational companies. Journal of International Business Research, 22(4), 22-34.
Sun, L., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee engagement: A literature review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(1), 63-80.
Taneja, S., Sewell, S. S., & Odom, R. Y. (2015). A culture of employee engagement: A strategic perspective for global managers. Journal of Business Strategy.
Tripathy, R., & Vidyapeeth, S. (2019). Exploring employee engagement and job performance in Indian retail organizations. Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(2), 23-40.
Tuyia, L., & Juma, D. (2019). Influence of reward fairness on job satisfaction among staff in Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST). The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (2), 1720 –1731.
Wan, S., Sulaiman, N., & Omar, S. (2012). The role of employee engagement in improving organizational performance in Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), 1-12.
West, M., & Dawson, J. (2018). Employee engagement and NHS performance. The King’s Fund, 3(2), 1-23.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.
Yasmeen, H., et al. (2015). Organizational leadership styles and their impact on organizational performance: Evidence from Pakistan. Pakistan Business Review, 4(3), 120-134.