Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO): The Case of TEVET Institutions in Zambia
Downloads
This review article examines the impact of Entrepreneurship Education programs (EEP) on Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) within Technical Education Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training (TEVET) institutions in Zambia. By synthesizing findings from existing literature, the article provides a comprehensive understanding of how EEP influences entrepreneurial behaviors among vocational students. Key dimensions of IEO affected by EEP, including innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness, are explored. The review discusses various pedagogical approaches used in EEP, highlights the challenges faced in delivering effective EEP, and identifies opportunities for improvement. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educators to enhance the effectiveness of EEP in fostering entrepreneurial mindsets, thereby contributing to Zambia's economic development goals.
Anubhav, K., Dwivedi, A. K., & Aashish, K. (2024). Entrepreneurship education in higher education (2002–2022): A technology-empowered systematic literature review. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 100993.
Astuti, R. D., Balqiah, T. E., & Yuliati, E. (2024). Role of individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation in sme performance: gender perspectives.
Bacigalupo, M., Kampylis, P., Punie, Y., & Van den Brande, G. (2016). EntreComp: The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.
Bwalya, J. M. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of the Importance of Leadership to the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 1727.
Bisk, L. (2002). Formal entrepreneurial mentoring: The efficacy of third-party managed programs. Career Development International, 7(5), 262-270.
Bolton, D. L., & Lane, M. D. (2012). Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Development of a measurement instrument. Education + Training, 54(2/3), 219-233.
Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective, and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(4), 5-30.
Brush, C. G., de Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 8-24.
Cardon, M. S., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek, M. (2009). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511-532.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
Chiwele, C., & Mwange, A. (2024). The effects of corporate governance on financial performance of selected companies listed at the Lusaka securities exchange.
Dana, L. P. (1995). Entrepreneurship in a remote sub-Arctic community. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(1), 57-72.
European Commission. (2013). Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan: Reigniting the entrepreneurial spirit in Europe. Brussels: European Commission.
Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2008). From craft to science: Teaching models and learning processes in entrepreneurship education. Journal of European Industrial Training, 32(7), 569-593.
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 413-438.
Galvão, A., Marques, C., & Ferreira, J. J. (2020). The role of entrepreneurship education and training programmes in advancing entrepreneurial skills and new ventures. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 595-614.
Gedeon, S. A. (2017). Measuring student transformation in entrepreneurship education programs. Education Research International, 2017(1), 8475460.
Gibb, A. A. (1993). Enterprise culture and education: Understanding enterprise education and its links with small business, entrepreneurship and wider educational goals. International Small Business Journal, 11(3), 11-34.
Gorostiaga, A., Alzua-Sorzabal, A., & Ballesteros-Rodríguez, J. L. (2019). Entrepreneurship education in the Basque Country: An analysis of its impact on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(1), 1-19.
GRZ (Government of the Republic of Zambia). (2006). Vision 2030: A prosperous middle-income nation by 2030. Lusaka: Government of the Republic of Zambia.
Hannon, P. D. (2005). Philosophies of enterprise and entrepreneurship education and challenges for higher education in the UK. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6(2), 105-114.
Harrison, R. T., & Mason, C. M. (2007). Does gender matter? Women business angels and the supply of entrepreneurial finance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 445-472.
Honig, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: Toward a model of contingency-based business planning. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), 258-273.
Hult, G. T. M., Snow, C. C., & Kandemir, D. (2003). The role of entrepreneurship in building cultural competitiveness in different organizational types. Journal of Management, 29(3), 401-426.
Isenberg, D. J. (2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Institute of International and European Affairs, 1(781), 1-13.
Kalitanyi, V., & Bbenkele, E. (2018). Cultural values as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Cape Town-South Africa. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 12(4), 437-453.
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kuratko, D. F. (2014). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Libingi, K. P. (2024). An evaluation of Zambia’s 2010 Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) Development policy: Challenges and recommendations to the Ministry of Commerce, Trade, and Industry towards the enhancement of Entrepreneurship.
Libingi, K. P., & Bbenkele, E. (2024). Evaluating the influence of entrepreneurship education (EE) on students’ individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) in technical education, vocational and entrepreneurship training (TEVET) institutions in Zambia.
Likando, J. M., Mwange, A., Moose, J., & Simui, F. (2023). Thematic Analysis of Small and Medium Enterprise Profile Opportunities on Constituency Development Fund in Kafue, Zambia. European Journal of Development Studies, 3(6), 1-12.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Lumpkin, G. T., Cogliser, C. C., & Schneider, D. R. (2009). Understanding and measuring autonomy: An entrepreneurial orientation perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(1), 47-69.
Masase-Muza, M. A. (2022) The Nexus between Shepherd Leadership and Modern Leadership Models: A Systematic Literature Review.
McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132-152.
Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S. (2013). A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352-369.
Mukuni, J. (2020). Vocational education and training in Zambia: Historical perspectives and current issues. International Journal of Training Research, 18(2), 100-114.
Mutambo, N., Mwange, A., Manda, R., Chiseyeng’i, J., Mashiri, G., & Bwalya, J. (2022). Principles and Practices of Strategy for Effective and Efficient Performance of Business Organisations.
Mwange, A. (2018). Measurement of Variables in Entrepreneurship Intention Studies: A Review of the Entrepreneurship Intentions Questionnaire (EIQ). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(10), 15-22.
Mwange, A. (2018). A Critical Review of Strategic Directions for Enhanced Employment Creation in Zambia. EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science, 4(4), 7-17.
Mwange, A., & Meyiwa, A. (2022). Monetary Policy Responses to Crude Oil-Price Shocks: The Case of Selected Central Banks. Economics and Business Quarterly Reviews, 5(3).
Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., Liñán, F., Akhtar, I., & Neame, C. (2018). Does entrepreneurship education in the first year of higher education develop entrepreneurial intentions? The role of learning and inspiration. Studies in Higher Education, 43(3), 452-467.
Neck, H. M., & Greene, P. G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 55-70.
Nor, A. I. (2024). Entrepreneurship Development as a Tool for Employment Creation, Income Generation, and Poverty Reduction for the Youth and Women. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-24.
Ogunode, N. J., & Leah, M. (2024). Entrepreneurial Education Programme in Tertiary Education in Nigeria. International Journal of Project Resources and Performances Management, 1(1), 17-34.
Patel, N., Calhoun, D. W., & Tolman, S. (2024). Understanding the Role of Cultural Competence in Peer Mentorship Programs for International Students: A Student Development Theory Perspective. Georgia Journal of College Student Affairs, 40(1), 62-80.
Perez, J. P., Martins, I., Mahauad, M. D., & Sarango-Lalangui, P. O. (2024). A bridge between entrepreneurship education, program inspiration, and entrepreneurial intention: The role of individual entrepreneurial orientation. Evidence from Latin American emerging economies. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 16(2), 288-310.
Peterman, N. E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students' perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2), 129-144.
Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Simulating entrepreneurial learning: Integrating experiential and collaborative approaches to learning. Management Learning, 38(2), 211-233.
Pittaway, L., & Edwards, C. (2012). Assessment: Examining practice in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 54(8/9), 778-800.
Rae, D., & Carswell, M. (2001). Towards a conceptual understanding of entrepreneurial learning. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 8(2), 150-158.
Rasmussen, E. A., & Sørheim, R. (2006). Action-based entrepreneurship education. Technovation, 26(2), 185-194.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 761-787.
St-Jean, E., & Audet, J. (2012). The role of mentoring in the learning development of the novice entrepreneur. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 119-140.
St-Jean, E., & Tremblay, M. (2011). Opportunity recognition learning and the entrepreneurial mindset of novice entrepreneurs: The impact of mentoring. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 19(3), 321-337.
Wang, Y., Ellinger, A. D., & Wu, Y. (2013). Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: An empirical study of R&D personnel. Management Decision, 51(2), 248-266.
Wang, Y., Li, J., & Sun, J. (2022). The influence of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytic review. Educational Research Review, 35, 100-119.
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses. Strategic Management Journal, 24(13), 1307-1314.
World Bank. (2018). Zambia Education Sector Public Expenditure Tracking and Service Delivery Survey. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Zampetakis, L. A., Kafetsios, K., Bouranta, N., Dewett, T., & Moustakis, V. S. (2009). On the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 15(6), 595-618.
